Challenges of Liberalization , Privatization and Globalization for Public Administration

Challenges of Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation for Public Administration 


6. Impact on Public Bureaucracy 
•Status Quo- Change orientation 
•Rightsizing
•Performance based 
•Results oriented
•Administration Ethics 
•Responsibility,  Accountability and Standards 


7. Bringing the State Back in 
Joan Robinson- Markets are not people responsive ; they have to be made so by government intervention 
Amartya sans-sen and Jean Dreze - Success of market is dependent on the nature of state action. Success of markets (ALFA) nature of state action.
Street - Specific intervention mechanism for state
(1) Provide a legal framework and maintain law and order
(2) Appropriate macro-economic policies
(3) Ensuring competition and restricting monopolies 
(4) Intervene to minimise individual and regional inequalities by discouraging (pollution ) and subsidising  (public transport, health) 
(5) Human Resource Development  (e.  g.  S.  Korea, Taiwan)
(6) Physical infrastructure -roads, electricity etc.



8.Good Governance 
Purposive and development oriented administration which is committed to improvement in quality of life. Citizen friendly, citizen caring and responsive administration. 

9. Role as a Regulator
•Investor Versus citizen interest
•Profit Versus public interest 
•Regulatory Commissions 

10. e- governance 
•Quest for SMART administration 
•IT enabled government and service delivery 

11. Globalized Problems 
•Terrorism, climate change, secessionism, ethic conflicts, economic crisis, food security
•Increased problems in Globalized world . Better and more efficient administration required 

12. Lack of Argumentative Strength 
Developing countries lack the necessary infrastructure and skills to deal with private sector as developing state lack the capability to document the failure  of private sector.

13. Urge for Science of Administration 
Fenel Heady - Through globalization, data and information will be easily available. Hence a science of administration will be easy to form.  It is both a challenge and an opportunity. 

14. Challenging of Information Age 
Allen Schick - Bureaucratic state will be replaced by cybernetic state. 
In the super fast information age, administration will  need to evolve its outlook to keep up with the pace of the world around. 

15.Loss of Sovereignty 
Global corporation elite - Norms of supranational agencies -> Norms to the nation state 
    e. g. WTO, IMF, ( SSM, Geneva Round of Doha talks )
   e. g. Portugal ,  Spain  and Italy modified constitution to join EU 
  

16. Loss of Democracy 
One view holds the Globalisation leads to more Democracy in the world and Dmocracy is exported to the developing world. Public  choice theory emphasised that Globalisation and Democracy are not contradiction.
But academicians like Lindbloom and McPherson have highlighted that LPG concept itself is undemocratic and is threat to Democracy. 
•Globalisation is biased towards rich.  It Creates an alitist structure, therefore not complementary with democracy. 
•Nature of supranational organizations itself is undemocratic since these agencies are dominated by a few developed countries. 
•False hope of democracy - These agencies support some  (Pakistan, SA ) and oppose others  (China, Cuba ) in the name of democracy. 
False hope of human rights. 

17. Loss Community 
Traditional norms,  Values of Community are  challenged under LPG. Globalisation creates a thin consumerist realm that challenges the civic values of communities .

18. Creation of Global Corporate Empire 
Core of economic and political power has been passed in hands of MNCs. This is a challenge for administration as they have to protect public interest from corporate onslaught. 

19. Emergence of Global Constitutionalism 
Increased interdependence with respect to national and international issues. One global constitution for the whole world
 being advocated.  

20. Riggs -Synarchy 
Synarchy is a construct that links contradictory notions:synthesis and anarchy.  Synthesis increases as the world system becomes more interdependent : all its parts or components mesh with each other in increasingly complex ways. Anarchy is a natural reaction : the pressures caused by Globalisation compel resistance and lead dissidents to rebel. In their extreme firm,  rebellion turns to violence and a growing torrent of global terrorism. However, most resistance is non -violent and often constructive.  Individuals and groups protest the oppressive sameness they see throughout the world. They want to accentuate their individual differences and underline their desire for autonomy, and for personal and local creativity.



Challenges for Developing countries  (specific )
1. Privatisation problems - What to Privatise?  How to privatize?  
2.Contracting out problems - Maintaining efficiency and integrity in Contracting out process 
3. Loss of Sovereignty of developing countries 
4. User-free system under public -private partnerships and Contracting out is undemocraticand specially problematic for developing countries as not all citizens are capable of paying user fees. 
5.Citizen'sloss loss of confidence in government agencies 
6. Increasing social cleavages 
7. Samir Amin - Globalisation process is unilateral -from developed countries to developing countries. 
8. Developing countries do not have the requisite strength to negotiate with developed world and international agencies. 
9. Lack of democracy in global agencies.  Loss of democracy at national level due to usurpation of power by global corporate elite. 
10. Globalisations works against decentralization which is highly essential in developing countries. 
11.Globalisation works against traditional community values. 
12.Globalisation provides selective benefits; works as an exclusion process .
13. Increasing problems - Terrorism,  ethnic conflict,  fundamentalism. 
14.Global governance without global government. 

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